Archive for the ‘Gasifier Economics’ Category
Samsung Chemical Important To Build Coal Chemical Industry Base In Northern
Accelerate the implementation of the “586″ project to build coal chemical industry base in Northern important – Interview with assistant general manager of Henan Coal Chemical Group, Anhui, Chairman Jia Xiuqi Samsung Chemical Co., Ltd.
Premier Wen Jiabao in this year’s “two sessions” on the government work report: 6 years in a row, after increasing production, but to spare no effort in grasping the “three rural” work, persist in resolving the “three rural” issue as the entire work a top priority.
Premier Wen Jiabao in his report also noted: “Eleventh Five-Year,” the first four years, our energy reduction and environmental protection, solid progress, total energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%, chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped 9.66 percent and 13.14 percent. This year is to continue to address the international financial crisis and maintain steady and rapid economic development, accelerate the transformation of a crucial year for economic development approach is the implementation of the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” goals for “12 5″ lay the foundation for the development of an important year . Emphasized the need to spend wisely, playing tough fight and protracted energy saving.
Samsung Chemical Co., Ltd. in Anhui is an important agricultural enterprise in Northern region. On how to implement the national “Two Sessions”? How to Service “Agriculture” as the enterprise all the most important task, to seize a rare historical opportunity for development, speed up the implementation of the “586″ project, and vigorously promote the readjustment of product mix, continued implementation of energy saving and technological transformation, to create Northern important issues such as coal chemical industry base, has made a special trip reporter interviewed assistant general manager of Henan Coal Chemical Group, Anhui Samsung Chemical Co., Ltd. Chairman Jia Xiuqi.
Reporter: Could you briefly tell us about the “Samsung Chemical” development process and the basic situation?
Jia Xiuqi: “Samsung Chemical” is the successor in 1970 to start construction in 1974 officially put into operation in Anhui? Song Sing coarse hand drum used by peddlers? Fertilizer plant. After nearly 40 years of development, more than 1,200 employees, including 400 technicians. Ammonia production capacity is 280,000 tons alcohol / year of urea 300,000 tons / year of methanol 100 thousand tons / year, melamine-2000 tons / year capacity of 36,000 kilowatts generator, scope cross-fertilizer, fine chemicals, machinery, plastics processing and power generation industries, chemical manufacturers in China 50 companies. Has won “six good chemical enterprise”, “national energy company”, “second-class enterprise” and “Excellent Enterprise of Anhui Province” and the honorary title, was awarded the provincial government and the chemical part of the other “advanced group of Anhui Province”, ” clean and civilized factory “title. Has passed ISO9001 international quality management system certification, management system certification and AAA quality, environment, occupational health and safety of the “three standard one” certification. “Samsung” brand of urea, methanol industry is the “famous brand in Anhui Province.” “Samsung” brand long-acting slow-release urea fertilizer industry by China’s 60 most influential products in the title. “Samsung” brand urea, BB fertilizer and other products covered in Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian and Shanghai, a dozen provinces and municipalities. As of the end of 2009, total assets of 6.41 billion yuan, up 11.9% in late 2008. 2009 revenues actually completed 731 million yuan, up by 15.45%. Since the introduction of advanced management concepts, the implementation of standardized, scientific management system and market-orientation and other means, in December 2009, it has been profitable for three consecutive months.
Over the years, “Samsung’s chemical” has been a number of restructuring and reorganization. Since November 2008, “Samsung Chemical” as Henan Coal Chemical Group The wholly-owned subsidiary of coal shares after the strong Yongmei Group relies on capital, technology, human resources, management strengths, the implementation of a comprehensive inheritance and Yongmei Group initiated by the ” scientific development, and good deeds synthesizers. one enterprise one, homeopathy and the line “business philosophy;” Work hard, pursue excellence “core values;” serve the country the benefit of employees “of the enterprise mission;” move faster, continuous innovation “corporate style” eight-core “concept, in accordance with the” fat-based fat-based combination of coal-based, energy-saving priority, focus on environmental protection, scientific development, “the guiding ideology for the continuous development of new products and large-scale The energy saving technological transformation, so that enterprises entered the sound development.
Reporter: As the agriculture-related businesses, and is located in Anhui, Jiangsu and Henan at the junction of the Northern region, “Samsung Chemical” in service “three rural” They have made that work?
Jiaxiu Qi: The State Council always attach great importance “San Nong” issue has to be firmly established to solve the “three rural” issue as the whole party and the government all the most important task of strategic thinking, and gradually introduced a series of supporting policies. This is the development of our agriculture-related enterprises to create a favorable external environment.
Over the years, “Samsung Chemical” always put service “three rural” as a responsibility, “to the security of agriculture, green agriculture, services, farmers, to facilitate the farmers” as the theme, and constantly develop new products for farmers and scientific application, science enrichment to provide a more intimate good service. “Samsung Chemical” technical staff through the use of fertilizer to farmers on soil investigation and testing showed that the effective utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer farmers only 30% of the effective utilization of fertilizer is low, is not only a huge waste of resources, but also limit crop The output, also brought environmental problems.
To do this, “Samsung Chemical” joint research with the China Agricultural University, research with great concentration by the technical staff, in May 2009 new products developed long-lasting alternative to common slow release urea fertilizer. Advent of long-acting slow-release urea, a nitrogenous fertilizer industry is no doubt set off a revolution. This product has brought tangible benefits to farmers, yield is very clear, with slow-release urea fertilizer efficiency can be increased more than 20%, fertilizer period from 30 days to 50 days, increased to 110-120 days or more; increase crop production, and can be increased by 15% -20%, vegetables increased by 30% -50% can be realized to increase crop quality and increase their revenue. The advent of the product, but also to fill the gaps in slow-release urea in Northern Anhui. October 2009, at the China Technology Market Association, the annual Chinese fertilizer industry experts, network and other units of fertilizer in China jointly held to celebrate 60 years of China Fertilizer Industry Conference and Awards ceremony, Samsung, chemical production, “Samsung” brand long-term controlled release urea fertilizer industry in China was named most influential 60-year product and by the award.
With the recent adjustment of agricultural planting structure, high yield cultivation of the high input fertilizer, the soil nutrient variability in the region increased. To better understand the soil nutrients, scientific application, serving farmers and increase their income, “Samsung Chemical” the technical staff of the surrounding areas of soil types and nutrient content were measured, they recognized that the soil structure of different fertilizer NPK demand is also different. “Samsung Chemical” through painstaking research, efforts to resolve the technical difficulties, the successful production of crops for different regions, different soil conditions to produce a formulation science, quality and efficiency, industry-leading innovative products mixing fertilizer. March 17 this year, the annual production capacity of 30,000 tons BB fertilizer production line put into operation. The product is rich in nutrients, fertilizer durable, specially formulated nutrients is complete, the ratio is reasonable, stable quality, improve soil, improve quality and increase yield significantly, to meet the growth of different crop nutrient needs, widely used in wheat, corn, cotton, soybeans, peanuts, vegetables and fruit trees. In addition, according to soil conditions and crops need to add the right amount of Trace Elements, to provide available nutrients for plants to increase fertilizer use efficiency has played a multi-element combined effects of nutrient output. Become farmers scientific application, increasing production and income of the good assistant.
Over the years, “Samsung Chemical”, as the quality is the lifeline, and always adhere to the “quality first” approach to quality as a major, events task, monitoring the implementation of the entire production process, determined to achieve “four do not “and” five non-factory “in strict accordance with” quality management system “,” measurement management system “operational requirements, the implementation of closed-loop management to ensure products superior product rate of 80% or more, a product rate of 100%; the company through technological innovation, efforts to reduce production costs to prices to help farmers, ensuring that farmers get high quality, efficient, cheap and good products at ease.
To enable farmers to achieve scientific farming, scientific fertilization. “Samsung Chemical Industry” to “security agriculture, green agriculture, services, farmers, to facilitate the farmers,” for the purpose of carrying out year round, “to send science and technology, to send fertilizer, delivery service,” the three series of activities to rural areas, organization of agricultural experts and technicians to go to the rural grass-roots, in the fields directly to the peasants, a friend brought scientific knowledge to farmers to promote color pages, explain the promotion of new products, to provide reasonable fertilization recommendations to guide farmers to improve fertilization, told farmers to purchase rest assured that the Samsung brand of fertilizer, to carry out a balanced fertilizer, reducing purchased fertilizer costs, farmers bought fertilizer really make good use of fertilizer, access to high yield. Last year, the city in support of the people of Henan forever spring drought, “Samsung’s chemical” also donations, high-quality urea 677.75 tons, fulfilling corporate social responsibility, has won a good reputation.
Reporter: “Samsung Chemical” in the implementation of energy saving technological transformation of the work done that? How effective?
Jia Xiuqi: chemical industry is energy-hungry, is the focus of energy conservation. Response to global warming, has a bounden duty. Premier Wen Jiabao stressed the need to spend wisely, and win the campaign of energy saving and protracted war, much to our touch, but also strengthened our confidence and determination.
As a 40-year-old company, “Samsung Chemical” and some equipment obsolete, coal, electricity, water and other high energy consumption; desalination water plant far from meeting the production requirements, resulting in higher product costs of production become seriously restricted the development bottleneck.
In recent years, “Samsung Chemical” From the system of management, it has developed the “Energy Management Regulations”, “energy saving and energy saving management systems assessment methods,” and introduced “the risk of mortgage energy saving system” master energy reduction scheduling of work into the work of day to day management will be energy-saving emission reduction targets into performance appraisal of all units of the contents of the monthly cash examination results, the emission reduction targets on energy efficiency requirements have not completed the unit, firmly implement the “one-vote veto.”
Production of raw materials as fertilizer – Lump, accounting for 75% of production costs. Past raw coal, are from a number of coal mines in Shanxi and other places procurement, coal mixed, high levels of coal, often causing scarring stove, furnace pull in a bad section, gas evolution are below standard, tons of ammonia coal consumption is as high as 1380 kg high!
“Samsung Chemical” Yongmei Group became a wholly owned subsidiary, the company take a decision: try burning the coal quality and stability of permanent small seed coal mine! Department and gas company branch managers with research, and constantly adjusting the ratio of raw coal mines, gas process optimization, through to research, to solve the burning of coal in the process of small seed problems, plummeting consumption: 1430 kg 1200 kg, 1100 kg, in January 2010 fell to 1,098 kg, into the national advanced level! Such a low consumption of raw materials a year, saving more than 40,000 tons of coal, reducing the cost of 4,000 million.
Not only that, “Samsung Chemical” technical staff have worked hard, developed from a coal crushing, pulping, retting to molding, a kiln and other sets of coal processing technology, to produce about 200 tonnes per day coal to re-use for two ? 2800 ?? materials gasifier system of normal air, annual savings of more than 36,000 tons of coal a small seed, opened up a new energy-efficient way.
At the same time, “Samsung Chemical” stick to the road of innovation technology, the establishment of R
Coal Gasification and the Gasification of Biomass
It offers the most versatile and cleanest way to convert coal into electricity, hydrogen, and other energy forms. Furthermore, the first coal gasification electric power plants are now operating commercially in the United States and in other countries.
New gasification power stations are, for example, planned for the United Kingdom and many experts predict that coal gasification will be the core technology of the future generations of clean coal technology plants for several decades to come.
US experts have recently confirmed that far from the idea of carbon capture and storage being unproven, there are many examples in nature of carbon storage, and that carbon from the atmosphere is already effectively stored in huge quantities underground across the globe, completely naturally.
Carbon capture and storage (known as CSS) will therefore work for man as it already has done in nature, and the gasification process is the one to use when power stations also need to capture carbon. The reason for this assertion is it lends itself to the reactions needed to remove the carbon dioxide from the combustion gases before they are emitted via the chimney or flue.
Now lets take a step back to consider how gasification has been used in the past. Coal based “gas works” in huge numbers around the world produced manufactured ?town? gas from the early nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century. In fact it preceded the natural gas which has since the 1960s replaced town gas in our gas grid distribution systems. Coal gasification was used in the 1700′s in England, France and Germany for street lanterns. During World War I small gasifiers were even developed to operate vehicles, boats, trains and electric generators.
So, the commercial utilization of manufactured coal gas pre-dated that of natural gas due to the comparative ease of producing coal gas.
Coal gasification still has economic potential with high oil prices in mind, however, there are some drawbacks. There are a number of technical challenges to the power engineers in making the process work reliably, and in particular slagging must be dealt with to prevent the bed of coal from fusing.
These problems are now being overcome the US and international conglomerate GE has been saying for some years that it has the technology tamed, and in Europe the public funding of some flagship IGCC plants has enabled the technology to advance to maturity. The result is that most believe that coal will most likely be the principal source of syngas in the short-term future.
However, before, you say, what about the possible polluting and greenhouse gas producing effects of this? Let me stress that the sulfur, metals and other impurities in coal which have been causing pollution, and the solid residues from the gasification process which were often toxic, are now removed from the gases before they are discharged. Former gasworks sites are often contaminated with hazardous wastes, but this will certainly not be the case for the new plants.
Coal gasification involves the combustion of some of the carbon in the coal to produce the heat that makes the process work. By-products of this carbon combustion which will now be collected greenly are carbon dioxide, ash, and sulfur, all of which in their uncontaminated modern forms will have a market value and may be separated for sale. Meanwhile the provision of CSS (which I would rather not call ?carbon sequestration” although many call it that) will avoid these coal burning systems contributing to global warming.
Once the technology of gasification becomes mature it will then be possible to take the whole thing one stage further to use gasification to produce energy from renewable carbon fuels which are continuously regrown, known a biomass
Biomass gasification extends the idea very well demonstrated in gasifying wood stoves. Indeed, there are a number of products now on the market using a huge range of available fuels, not just wood. In its current state the use of biomass, is open-source and grassroots, but it is fat becoming a mainstream power generating source.
Look out for biomass energy plants over the next few years. These are the renewable energy future for society, rather than coal which will eventually be used up in any event, even if there were no problems of climate change.The Future Of Biomass: Technology Developments, Key Costs And The Future Outlook-Aarkstore Enterprise
In the developed world until the end of the last century its use was mainly restricted to niche applications such as combined heat and power generation in the wood and paper industries. Today the perception of biomass is changing and it is being recognized once more as a valuable modern fuel that can provide a renewable energy to replace fossil fuel in power generation. As a consequence its use is growing at it is set to become one of the major renewable sources over then next two decades.
Biomass consists of all the plant material on the surface of the earth (and in the seas if algae are included). Almost two thirds of the total is regenerated each year during seasonal growth. The total regenerated is probably equivalent to more than three times total global energy consumption in 2008. Around 3% of this is used each year, mostly in the form of wood.
Key features of this report
Analysis of biomass technologies concepts and components.
Clarification of the market for biomass and future growth.
Assessment of new renewable energy technology analysis including innovation, infrastructure investment.
Insight relating to the most innovative product launches and potential areas of opportunity for manufacturers.
Examination of the key technology introductions and innovations.
Scope of this report
Achieve a quick and comprehensive understanding of how biomass market trends and infrastructure are influencing the development of the renewable energy market.
Realize up to date competitive intelligence through a comprehensive review of biomass technology concepts in the recent electricity infrastructure and renewable energy market.
Assess the emerging trends in renewable energy technology – biomass – grid connection and energy distribution.
Key Market Issues
Environmental requirements: The growth of carbon dioxide emissions globally are creating a path for lower carbon emitting power generation technologies. Biomass as fuel is carbon neutral since while it releases carbon into the atmosphere when burnt, the growth of new biomass absorbs the same amount carbon from the atmosphere. As a consequence it offers a valuable renewable source of energy.
Legislative issues: The use of biomass as an energy source raises a number of environmental and legislative issues. One of the most difficult is that of maintaining a balance between land for the production of energy crops and land for producing food. Additional questions arise when waste materials are used to produce energy. Agricultural wastes are a valuable fuel source but part of each crop must be returned to the land if soil quality is not to deteriorate. A significant part of municipal waste can be burnt too but some of it is better recycled. Additionally, the combustion of biomass produces a number of potential pollutants in addition to releasing carbon dioxide and these must normally be controlled.
Key findings from this report
In 2005 biomass provided around 1.3% of total global electricity production. By 2050 this could rise to between 3.4% and 5.8% of total electricity production.
By definition, biomass comprises all the plant life on the surface of the earth. In its 2001 Survey of Energy Resources, the World Energy Council put the total biomass on the surface of the earth at 220bn oven dry tonnes, equivalent to 4,500EJ of energy. This definition may require modifying if algae become a major source of biomass energy since algae grow in water.
Actual usage today is around 50EJ, or 10% of the estimated 500EJ of total global energy consumption in 2008. This is roughly 77% of the total renewable contribution (including hydropower) to primary energy consumption.
Key questions answered
What are the drivers shaping and influencing new technology development in the electricity industry?
How will renewable energy technologies be connected and integrated into the existing grid network?
What is the biomass power generation system going to cost?
What are the components of the biomass power generation system?
Which biomass types will be the winners and which the losers?
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? Table of Contents 
The Future of Biomass
Executive summary
Introduction
Biomass resources
Energy crops
Biomass power generation technologies
Environmental and legislative issues
The economics of biomass for electricity generation
The future of biomass power generation
Chapter 1 Introduction
Summary
Biomass development
The structure of the report
Chapter 2 Biomass resources
Introduction
The size of the resource
Types of biomass resource
Residues
Fuelwood
Energy crops
Regional resources
Chapter 3 Energy crops
Introduction
Types of energy crop
Energy crop infrastructure
Energy crop yields
Chapter 4 Biomass power generation technologies
Introduction
Direct firing of biomass
Stoker combustors
Suspension combustion
Fluidized bed combustors
Steam cycle improvements
Co-firing
Direct firing fuel considerations
Fuel handling
Gasification
Fixed bed gasifiers
Fluidized bed gasifiers
Power production using biomass gasification
Modular systems
Anaerobic fermentation of biomass
Biomass digesters
Chapter 5 Environmental and legislative issues
Introduction
The carbon cycle and atmospheric warming
Biomass and carbon dioxide
Atmospheric emissions other than carbon dioxide
Life cycle assessment
Energy crops
Waste fuel
Agricultural wastes
Forestry residues
Urban waste
Legislative issues
Issues affecting biomass energy crops
Chapter 6 The economics of biomass for electricity generation
Introduction
Installed costs of biomass generating plants
Fuel costs
Cost of electricity
Chapter 7 Future outlook
Introduction
Comparative costs of energy from biomass
Financial incentives and deterrents
Global biomass markets
Biomass growth and targets
Biomass prospects
Index
List of Figures
Figure 2.1: Breakdown of biomass contribution to primary energy consumption (%)
Figure 2.2: Bagasse annual potential availability (thousand tonnes), 2007
Figure 2.3: Global wood fuel consumption (PJ), 2007
Figure 2.4: Current and predicted EU biomass resources (Mtoe/y)
Figure 2.5: Current and potential US biomass resources (Million dry tonnes/y), 2005
Figure 2.6: Potential power generation from biomass among ASEAN countries (MW)
Figure 2.7: Breakdown of currently available biomass in China by type (%)
Figure 2.8: Maximum regional bioenergy production potentials (EJ/y)
Figure 4.9: Typical biomass combustion technology power generation efficiencies (%)
Figure 4.10: Typical wood gas composition (%)
Figure 4.11: Biogas energy content (MJ/m3)
Figure 4.12: Power generation systems for biomass (%)
Figure 5.13: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (ppm)
Figure 6.14: Estimated biomass generation installed costs in California ($/kW), 2007
Figure 6.15: Energy content of biomass fuels (MJ/kg)
Figure 6.16: Energy crop costs ($/tonne), 2007
Figure 6.17: Energy crop costs ($/tonne), 2007
Figure 6.18: UK wood fuel power costs (?/MWh), 2008
Figure 6.19: Estimated biomass generation costs in California ($/MWh), 2007
Figure 7.20: Levelized cost of electricity from power plants ($/MWh), 2009
Figure 7.21: Global biomass-based electricity production (TWh), 2007
Figure 7.22: Global biomass production by country (TWh), 2007
Figure 7.23: Biomass use in Europe (ktoe/%), 2007
Figure 7.24: US biomass-based electricity production (TWh), 2009
Figure 7.25: EU renewable energy roadmap targets (TWh), 2006-2020
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Breakdown of biomass contribution to primary energy consumption (%)
Table 2.2: Potential long term biomass supply by category, (EJ), 2000
Table 2.3: Bagasse annual potential availability (thousand tonnes), 2007
Table 2.4: Global wood fuel consumption (PJ), 2007
Table 2.5: Current and predicted EU biomass resources (Mtoe/y)
Table 2.6: Current and potential US biomass resources (Million dry tonnes/y), 2005
Table 2.7: Potential power generation from biomass among ASEAN countries (MW)
Table 2.8: Breakdown of currently available biomass in China by type (%)
Table 2.9: Maximum regional bioenergy production potentials (EJ/y)
Table 3.10: Properties of miscanthus and switchgrass as combustion fuels
Table 3.11: Typical energy crop yields
Table 4.12: Typical biomass combustion technology power generation efficiencies (%)
Table 4.13: Typical wood gas composition (%)
Table 4.14: Biogas energy content (MJ/m3)
Table 4.15: Power generation systems for biomass
Table 5.16: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (ppm), 1700-2100
Table 5.17: Typical atmospheric emissions from combustion power plants (kg/MWh)
Table 5.18: Power plant total energy balance (kJ/kWh)
Table 6.19: Installed cost of biomass CHP and power-only
Table 6.20: Estimated biomass generation costs in California, 2007
Table 6.21: Energy content of biomass fuels (MJ/kg)
Table 6.22: Energy crop costs ($/tonne), 2007
Table 6.23: Energy crop costs ($/tonne), 2007
Table 6.24: UK wood fuel costs, 2008
Table 6.25: Cost of electricity from biomass CHP and power only installations
Table 6.26: Estimated biomass generation costs in California
Table 7.27: IEA global power generation scenarios (TWh), 2008
Table 7.28: The cost of electricity from power plants ($/MWh), 2009
Table 7.29: Global biomass-based electricity production (TWh), 2007
Table 7.30: Global biomass production by country (TWh), 2007
Table 7.31: Biomass use in Europe (ktoe/%), 2007
Table 7.32: US biomass-based electricity production (TWh), 2009
Table 7.33: EU renewable energy roadmap targets (TWh), 2006-2020??
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Advantages of Large Scale Biomass Gasification Plants
Only recently with the rising cost of fossil fuels has the idea of gasification come once more to the fore. Expect to hear much more about gasification over the next few years!
Gasification works best as an efficient means of converting low value-residual biomass (such as municipal solid waste) into higher value products including power, steam, hydrogen, and basic chemicals.
It is a process that produces mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas or syngas) from carbon-based feedstocks such as coal, petroleum, coke and heavy oils. Gasification can play a significant role in large scale biomass gasification plants delivering a sustainable energy economy and is therefore one of the most technically and economically convincing energy possibilities for a carbon neutral economy.
To give you an idea what gasification is let us start by considering first the small scale and a simple wood gasifier. In this example gasification works by way of a downdraft that sucks wood gas from the firebox in the top chamber down into a bottom chamber where superheated combustion occurs. In most cases this can be achieved without a fan, and the downdraft can be powered by the gasifier itself once the system is lit.
In principle gasification produces very efficient clean combustion especially at large scale biomass gasification plants where economy of scale helps reduce costs. In these plants, ensuring that the action of burning takes place at a high temperature and controlled oxygen levels by creates a gas known as ?syngas? within the process. Syngas may be removed from the process and as we have already indicated used as a feedstock in the creation of other organic chemicals. If syngas is stored and burnt later it can be used very efficient to run power generation units in large scale biomass gasification plants.
Gasification can be used for fertilizer and chemical manufacture and in the quest for lower carbon emission technologies , it is forecast that production will grow dramatically particularly in China.
Gasification can be used at any level from the small scale on-farm utilizing farm waste as a feedstock to highly technological uses and at extreme heat seldom seen on earth outside volcanic eruptions, and lightning strikes but it is more complex to run at the small scale and works best in large scale biomass gasification plants.
One such example of large scale biomass gasification plants is gasification in the form of plasma arcs. The very high temperatures created in a plasma arc reduce matter to its basic elements, and they do this remarkably cleanly which avoids the production of the majority of the unwanted combustion products which bedevil so many other waste to energy technologies requiring huge cost to remove and imposing high parasitic loads on the plant itself.
Gasification of wood and wood-type residues and waste in large fixed bed or fluidized bed gasifiers with subsequent burning of the gas for heat production is also state of the art and destined to become commonplace in the quest to use renewable fuels to their fullest.
Wood gasifiers are nowadays employed ever more frequently, for example, in the Scandinavian countries where they are used almost entirely for heat generation and use local forest wood, replacing that nations previous large appetite for fossil based fuels (oil, gas and coal) to heat its population during the long cold winters.
The Scandinavians see gasification of their nation?s renewable forest asset as a major player in their progression toward ever diminishing fossil fuel dependency, and many of these will be large scale biomass gasification plants.